To consolidate or not to consolidate? Hamlet might have asked this question if he had graduated from college with student loans. If you’re considering a loan consolidation, you’d be wise to follow a few simple tips.

The great thing about graduating from college is that you don’t have to worry about homework hanging over your head. On the flip side of the coin, you may have something far worse to be concerned about-a student loan payment.

Many graduates consolidate their loans to lessen the pain of repayment. But no financial transaction should be taken lightly. Not only must you carefully analyze your current situation and goals, you need to consider what types of student loans are on the market. Here are some student loan consolidation tips to keep in mind.

1. Shop until your payment drops

You don’t have to stick with the same lender if you’re going to consolidate your loans. Shop around and look at different opportunities. Rates may not vary, but you could find that different lenders offer different discounts (see next tip). You may also find that the lender that you’re currently with has included extra charges that you don’t need to pay. It’s always wise to comparison shop, no matter what your purchase.

2. Go discount shopping

As you’re shopping for the best consolidation package, ask about discounts. Lenders today offer them for a variety of items, including everything from making a payment on time, to using automatic withdrawals from your checking account. Lenders highly value graduates who can make their student loan payments on time, primarily because so few of them do. Discounts for on-time bill paying might include reducing your payment by one full percentage point if you can rack up a 36-month consecutive payment streak.

3. Tame the terms

By extending the repayment term of your loan, you can lower your monthly payment. For most graduates struggling in an entry-level job, that’s a very enticing prospect. But don’t judge a payment book by its cover-an extended loan term can be as frightening as term papers. Those lower payments don’t come cheap-you’re going to get whacked long-term by higher interest costs. Ask your lender to tell you the difference in long-term interest costs for loans with different repayment terms. The results will startle you.

4. Do a reality check

Most importantly, don’t choose a lower loan payment just so that you can buy a really cool car. Unless you’ve landed an exceptionally high-paying job out of college, you’ll probably have to choose more of a utilitarian vehicle until you can afford a nicer ride.

As a graduate, it’s great to be free from the constraints of endless exams and required reading. Unfortunately, the financial equivalent to academic pain is waiting in the wings. Repaying a student loan will be a concern of yours for a long time to come. Make sure that the debt isn’t with you one day longer than necessary by carefully shopping for the right consolidation loan.

Student Loan Consolidation, also called a Student Consolidation Loan, combines several student or parent loans into one bigger loan from a single lender, which is then used to pay off the balances on the other loans. Consolidation loans are available for most federal loans, including FFELP (Stafford, PLUS and SLS), FISL, Perkins, Health Professional Student Loans, NSL, HEAL, Guaranteed Student Loans and Direct loans. Some lenders offer consolidation loans for private loans as well.

How It Works
Consolidation loans often reduce the size of the monthly payment by extending the term of the loan beyond the 10-year repayment plan that is standard with federal loans. Depending on the loan amount, the term of the loan can be extended from 12 to 30 years. (10 years for less than $7,500; 12 years for $7,500 to $10,000; 15 years for $10,000 to $20,000; 20 years for $20,000 to $40,000; 25 years for $40,000 to $60,000; and 30 years for $60,000 and above.) The reduced monthly payment may make the loan easier to repay for some borrowers. However, by extending the term of a loan the total amount of interest paid is increased.
In certain circumstances (for example, when one or more of the loans was being repaid in less than 10 years because of minimum payment requirements), a consolidation loan may decrease the monthly payment without extending the overall loan term beyond 10 years. In effect, the shorter-term loan is being extended to 10 years. The total amount of interest paid will increase unless you continue to make the same monthly payment as before, in which case the total amount of interest paid will decrease.
The interest rate on consolidation loans is the weighted average of the interest rates on the loans being consolidated, rounded up to the nearest 1/8 of a percent and capped at 8.25%.
If a student consolidates their loans before they enter repayment, the interest rate used is the lower in-school interest rate. Thus, although the rounding up of the weighted average can potentially cost the student as much as 0.12%, a student who consolidates before entering repayment can save as much as 0.6%, a substantial net savings. (The in-school interest rate is 1.7% plus the 91-day treasury bill rate from the last auction in May. During repayment, the interest rate is the 91-day T-bill rate plus 2.3%.) This loophole has been confirmed by an excerpt from the Federal Register and direct correspondence with the US Department of Education. Additional details can be found in the interest rate loophole section.
Some graduate students have found it necessary to consolidate their educational loans when applying for a mortgage on a house.
To find out more about Student Loan Consolidation, check with your lender.
Alternatives
Consolidation simplifies the repayment process but does involve a slight increase in the interest rate. Students who are having trouble making their payments should consider some of the alternate repayment terms provided for federal loans. Income contingent payments, for example, are adjusted to compensate for a lower monthly income. Graduated repayment provides lower payments during the first two years after graduation. Extended repayment allows you to extend the term of the loan without consolidation. Although each of these options increases the total amount of interest paid, the increase is less than that caused by consolidation.

Consolidate your loans so you can finally sleep at night

By Michelle Suthard

You may have heard the news recently that the government increased the student loan interest rate 1.93 percentage points for the first time in five years. This may seem like a huge increase, but don’t lose sleep over it–rates are still at a 38-year low.

So what does this information mean for you? Now is your chance to consolidate your loans and save!

Types of Loans
First you will need to know about the different types of loans you may have. Let’s start with the Federal Perkins Loan. This type of loan is generally granted by your college’s financial aid office. Since it’s a need-based loan, the university’s financial aid office must determine who qualifies for the loan and how much they will receive. Universities only have a limited amount of funds to distribute, however, so these loans are awarded on a very selective basis.

The majority of college students have Federal Stafford Loans instead. This is the most common loan available to both undergraduate and graduate students. If a Stafford Loan is subsidized, the federal government pays your accrued interest while you’re in school and during the grace period after graduation. If your Stafford is unsubsidized, however, you’ll be footing the entire bill.

Lastly, you may have one or several private education loans. There are a variety of lenders that provide private education loans. Most banks and financial institutions offer private student loans to help supplement the costs that other financial aid resources won’t cover.

Consolidating Your Loans
Now that you better understand what kind of loans you have, you’re probably wondering what’s next. Pay off time! It may sound daunting to have to payback all of those loans, but don’t even think about attempting to dodge your bills.

Not paying your loans back will cause your credit rating to plummet. And remember, declaring bankruptcy is not an option. Student loans are immune to bankruptcy. You may also face IRS penalties and possible garnishment of wages if you hold off on payment–so make those monthly payments on time.

So what’s a good plan-of-action when beginning to repay your loans? A smart move is to look into consolidating your existing loans now while interest rates are still low.

Consolidation involves refinancing one or more of your student loans. The original balance is paid in full, and a new loan is originated for the combined amount and for a new term–all with a low fixed interest rate. Consolidation loans often reduce the size of your monthly payment by extending the term of your loan beyond the 10-year repayment plan that is standard with federal loans.
Depending on the loan amount, the term of the loan can be extended from 12 to 30 years. The reduced monthly payment may make the loan easier to repay. However, by extending the term of a loan the total amount of interest paid is increased. You can always make more than the minimum payment each month to cut the repayment period down and reduce the amount of interest paid.

Get a Head Start
For those of you that haven’t graduated yet, there’s something new this year. Under a new interpretation of the rules, students don’t have to wait until they graduate to consolidate. Students still in school can consolidate existing loans. If you subsequently take on more student loans, then you can consolidate those loans either separately from the initial low-rate consolidation, or as part of a blended package. If you’ve just graduated and are in your six month grace period, you can get an extra one-half of one percent cut off the consolidation rate if you consolidate within the first six months after graduation. And by consolidating during the grace period, you may also be able to retain the entire grace period. If the lender delays disbursing the consolidation loan until the end of the grace period, you get the benefit of the grace period and are also able to lock in current interest rates. Not too shabby!

Which loans should you consolidate? You can consolidate Perkins, Stafford and PLUS loans (parent loans for students) and even some previously consolidated loans. Unfortunately, you cannot consolidate private loans that are not federally guaranteed. Also, most lenders will only consolidate loans for students with loan balances of at least $7,500. For most of you, this threshold won’t be a problem. According to a recent Nellie Mae study, the average student upon graduation owes an average of $18,900 in student loans.

Benefits of Consolidating
What are the benefits of consolidating your loans? The main benefit of consolidation is that it allows you to lock in a low fixed interest rate for the life of the loan. Understand though, that not everyone gets the lowest rate on consolidation. While some can lock in a very low rate close to 3.5%, others may pay slightly more depending on the original loan rates. So check with your lenders (or one of the Web sites listed on page 34) for information on how much your rate will decrease. Each Web site has online calculators, and you can even apply for a consolidation loan online. Note also that there is no fee for you, the borrower, to consolidate.

Another benefit to consolidation is that now you only have to make one monthly payment and to only one lender-saving you a headache each month from sorting out to whom and what you owe. There are also added bonuses, for instance, many lenders offer interest rate and payment reductions if you pay on time over a period of months and/or have your monthly payments automatically withdrawn from your checking or savings account.

Check out the Web sites, do a little homework and in the end you’ll save yourself a nice sum of cash for consolidating your loans. Start the process now, so you can relax, get some sleep and focus on what’s really important, your first real job!