The rising costs of college tuition have made it almost a necessity to apply for a student loan today. Students not only have tuition costs, but the cost of books, meals, gas, cell phones, recreation, etc. The variety of student loans enables students to take care of their varying college expenses. A student loan however, is a loan that must be repaid under specified circumstances.

A Direct Student Loan is a loan with a schedule of repayment six to nine months after the student has completed school. The Direct Student Loan is distributed through the school the student is attending, which enables the interest rates to be much lower than a Guaranteed Student Loan.

Guaranteed Student Loans, also known as Stafford Loans have a low interest rate. A student can apply for a subsidized or unsubsidized student loan. A subsidized loan means the government pays the interest for you while you are in school. The subsidized student loan is based on the students financial need. An unsubsidized student loan means you will be charged interest while you are attending school. The principal must start being paid after you have finished school. Both types of student loans need to start repayment six months after the student has finished college.

Federal Parent Loans or PLUS loans as they are known is a student loan not contingent on your income, but lenders do consider personal credit history. Parents or guardians who have a dependent child enrolled in college at least part-time are eligible for the PLUS loan. The interest rate is 9% or less.

Virtually any school or program will allow you to utilize the Direct Student loan, Guaranteed Student loan or PLUS loan. It is very important to thoroughly research all available options for funding long-term education. Your future is tied to your funding, which is your student loan.

By John Williams

When you’re trying to pay for college, it’s nice to turn to a wealthy uncle for a little financial assistance. No one is happier to help you pay for your higher education than Uncle Sam and the federal government.

You can tell a lot about a society by how much it values education. With its vast network of public and private universities, America is a world-leader in education.

Our emphasis on higher learning could be attributed to the correlation between education and economic growth. If the U.S. is going to keep its economy running at full speed, it needs an intelligent workforce. Higher education doesn’t come cheap, however, so the federal government has created a number of student loan programs.

Perkins loans

Available to undergraduate and graduate students alike, Perkins loans offer the lowest interest rate-currently fixed at 5 percent-and can take up to 10 years to repay. Your school acts as the lender, and the loans are given on a first-come, first-served basis.

It’s a particularly attractive loan for people in the military, law enforcement, certain teaching positions, and non-profit jobs. If you pursue a career in these public service fields, the government may discharge your loan.

Stafford loans

Stafford Loans are provided to undergraduates and graduate students who are enrolled in school at least half-time. Unlike Perkins loans, the government will partially subsidize the money based on a student’s level of financial need. Uncle Sam will pay the interest during school years, but the student must begin repaying the loan six months after graduation. In the unsubsidized loan, a student loses his six-month grace period.

Loans are made available directly from the government to colleges or financial institutions. Current rates for Stafford loans are capped at 6.8 percent. Terms of repayment range from 10 to 25 years on both the subsidized and unsubsidized loans.

PLUS loans

Like the Stafford Loans, PLUS loans are granted to undergraduates and graduates who are enrolled at least half-time. With PLUS Loans, the interest rates are variable, but they do have a cap. Loans distributed directly by the government are capped at 7.9 percent, and those distributed through a school or a lender are capped at 8.5 percent. There’s also a fee associated with the PLUS loans. Repayment terms are 10 years, and you must begin within 60 days after the final loan is disbursed.

To obtain any of these loans, a student first needs to apply for the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.

Even though the government values education, it can’t give a free ride to everyone. The loan programs are based on a student’s financial need, which may be the cause for the wide number of programs. If you’re confused, consult with a financial aid counselor or a loan officer from a lending institution, and you’ll find out where you fall in the student loan spectrum.

In the last six months alone, since legislators eliminated over $21 billion in subsidies to student loan lenders in the Federal Family Education Loan Program, at least 44 FFELP lenders have stopped originating federal student loans.

This exodus of lenders from the federal student loan program, combined with the current credit and liquidity crunch resulting from an epidemic of defaulted mortgages, may leave many college students scrambling for money for school this fall.

In an effort to help avoid a student loan crisis before it starts, a group of credit unions serving students in California, Texas, and Wisconsin is lobbying for federal subsidies that would allow credit unions to provide significantly more loan capital for students.

Last September, federal legislation set two lender subsidy rates on federally guaranteed student loans, one rate that applies to for-profit lenders and a second for state-chartered nonprofit agencies, explains Paul Basken of The Chronicle of Higher Education.

When those rates were set, credit unions, which are essentially nonprofit banks, were left out of the picture, neither subject to the for-profit lender rate nor eligible for the nonprofit rate which is guaranteed only to state-chartered lenders.

Now, writes Basken, as more for-profit bank and nonbank lenders abandon the FFEL program each week, the credit unions seek legislation that would make them eligible for the nonprofit subsidy rate (“Credit Unions Will Lobby Congress for Loan-Subsidy Benefits Accorded to Nonprofit Lenders,” April 4, 2008).

A Viable Source for More Student Loans?

Credit unions currently provide less than 1 percent of all FFELP loans, according to Mark Kantrowitz, publisher of FinAid.org, a financial aid website.

However, credit unions could offer significantly more volume at some institutions, Michael K. Kim, vice president for student services at the USC Credit Union, told The Chronicle.

The USC Credit Union provided 30 percent of all federal student loans at the University of Southern California last year, and Kim believes the USC Credit Union could double its student loan lending to $200 million to provide financing for any students unable to find another lender.

Although Kim thinks the credit union might find a way to double its student loans even without the nonprofit subsidy, the nonprofit rate would help.

One of the key selling points in the credit unions’ lobbying efforts, Basken writes, may be the fact that credit unions have a ready pool of capital — their customer deposits — from which to lend. In contrast, nonbank lenders, who don’t hold funding capital, must find external funding sources for their student loans and thus have been more vulnerable to the liquidity crisis that’s followed the fallout in mortgage lending.

Joining Kim’s Southern California credit-union group in lobbying Congress next week for the nonprofit subsidy rate are the UW Credit Union, serving universities in Wisconsin, and the University Federal Credit Union, which serves more than 100 colleges and employers in central Texas.

More, but Still Not Enough

An advisor from Senator Edward Kennedy’s office recently expressed support for the credit unions’ request that their proposal for inclusion in the nonprofit subsidy rate be added to the legislation for reauthorization of the Higher Education Act currently before Congress.

Kantrowitz believes that the credit unions’ subsidy proposal is reasonable since they’re nonprofit entities whose earnings don’t benefit outside investors.

On the other hand, he says, the additional loan volume credit unions could provide for the federally backed student loan program will likely not be enough to staunch the tide of students that may potentially be unable to find lenders this fall.

Kantrowitz further points out that among the 100 largest lenders in the federal student loan program, only three are credit unions.

“If credit unions can double their volume, that’s a 5-percent solution,” Kantrowitz says. “It could be part of the solution, but not even close to the entire solution.”

A growing shortage of funds in the federal Perkins student loan program could affect as many as 50,000 students in the upcoming academic year, according to a recent article in U.S. News & World Report.

Students who would have been eligible to receive a low-cost Perkins loan last year may not be offered one this year due to the limited availability of funds.

And the students who do manage to get a Perkins loan will likely see the size of their award shrink, writes U.S. News reporter Kim Clark (“Why Perkins Loans Are Harder to Get This Year,” March 25, 2008).
Schools Struggle to Replenish Limited Perkins Funding

Federal Perkins loans, which carry a fixed interest rate of 5 percent and are subsidized by the federal government, are reserved for undergraduate and graduate students who are considered to be “exceptionally needy.”

Financial aid officials at the nation’s colleges and universities are attributing the scarcity of Perkins loans to a combination of factors: the failure of federal funding for the Perkins program to keep pace with what has been a steady increase in college enrollment, and Perkins borrowers who are taking longer to repay their loans.

Schools are each assigned a fixed pool of Perkins funds from which to lend. Unlike other federal college loans, which are paid back directly to the government or to lenders in the federal education loan program, Perkins funds are payable to the school, with schools dependent on that repayment money to generate new Perkins loans for incoming and returning students.

The longer alumni take to repay their Perkins loans, the less money is immediately available to current students eligible for these loans.

Many Perkins borrowers, faced with rising interest rates over the last few years on everything from private student loans and federal consolidation loans to credit cards and home loans, have focused on repaying their higher-interest student loans and other debt, steering away from paying off their Perkins loan early and opting instead to take the full 10-year Perkins repayment term.

Adding to the problem, says Rick Shipman, director of Michigan State University’s financial aid office, is the fact that some students are able to discharge their Perkins loan if they go into the military or teaching.

“Their debts are forgiven by the federal government but the federal government doesn’t necessarily reimburse the school,” explains Shipman (“Credit Crunch Alarms Student Loan Lenders,” MSU State News, March 26, 2008).

Colleges and Universities Scaling Back on Perkins Awards

With less Perkins repayment money coming in and no government funds being added to expand the federal Perkins pool, schools are being forced to scale back their Perkins awards.

At Ohio University, Perkins funding is so limited, Clark writes, that officials anticipate a 12 percent decline in the number of Perkins student loans the school will be able to issue this fall.

Also expecting to make cuts to its Perkins student loans is the University of Maryland at College Park, which has seen its Perkins funding shrink this year to just half of the $2.3 million it had available last year.

At Michigan State University, where the Perkins pool has dropped from $7 million to $5 million in the last year alone, financial aid officials plan to eliminate over 2,000 Perkins awards in the fall and cut the average award from $1,200 to $1,000.

MSU expects to award about 4,400 Perkins loans to undergraduates in the upcoming academic year, down from the 6,600 it issued in 2007–08. The school already eliminated Perkins loans for its graduate students last year.

On April 17, Bank of America Corp. notified student-loan packager First Marblehead Corp. that it would no longer offer private student loans, focusing instead on providing federal student loans. Bank of America’s announcement comes amid increasing unsteadiness in the federal student loan market, where nearly 50 non-government lenders in the last six months have suspended their federal student loan programs.

Bank of America exercised its right to terminate its agreement with First Marblehead after The Education Resources Institute, the Boston-based nonprofit that guaranteed the loans packaged by First Marblehead, voluntarily filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on April 7, 2008.

Bank of America’s decision delivered yet another financial blow to First Marblehead, whose shares have already been on a downward spiral over the past few weeks, tumbling 37 percent on April 8 alone, the day after TERI filed its bankruptcy petition.

Shares in First Marblehead fell another 17 percent to $3.37 on the heels of Bank of America’s announcement, with the stock down nearly 91 percent over the past year. The loans originated by Bank of America accounted for about 15 percent of First Marblehead’s total revenue for the 2007 fiscal year, according to a Boston Business Journal article (“First Marblehead Loses Major Customer, Revenue Source,” April 18, 2008).

In a letter sent to the American Council on Education on April 15, Sen. Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., the chairman of the Senate Education Committee, urged colleges to sign up for the Department of Education’s Federal Direct Loan Program as a preventive measure against the potential funding inadequacies within the Federal Family Education Loan Program.

His recommendation to colleges and universities to enroll in the direct-lending program as a backup option for student loan funding is yet another one of Kennedy’s attempts to help protect students against a federal funding nightmare this fall.

Kennedy has also introduced the Strengthening Student Aid Act of 2008 into the Senate that would, in part, allow the federal government to inject liquidity into the student loan market and enable the Department of Education to purchase FFELP loans from failing lenders.

Kennedy’s efforts to help secure the federal student loan sector come at a time when almost 50 FFELP lenders have suspended their federal student loan programs in recent months, including 21 of the top originators of federal student loans and five of the largest holders of student loan portfolios, according to FinAid.org.

Several schools had already made the move to the Direct Loan Program before Kennedy sent his letter to the ACE, including Pennsylvania State University, which, at $276 million, has a substantial federal student loan volume. Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings has assured schools that the Education Department is equipped to handle double the volume within the Direct Loan Program, if necessary.

A Federal Pell Grant, unlike a loan, does not have to be repaid. Pell Grants are awarded usually only to undergraduate students who have not earned a bachelor’s or a professional degree. Pell Grants are considered a foundation of federal financial aid, to which aid from other federal and nonfederal sources might be added.

How much can I get?
The maximum Pell Grant award for the 2007-08 award year (July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008) is $4,310. The maximum award for the 2008-09 award year (July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009) is $4,731. The maximum can change each award year and depends on program funding. The amount you get, though, will depend not only on your financial need, but also on your costs to attend school, your status as a full-time or part-time student, and your plans to attend school for a full academic year or less.

If I am eligible, how will I get the Pell Grant money?
Your school can apply Pell Grant funds to your school costs, pay you directly (usually by check), or combine these methods. The school must tell you in writing how much your award will be and how and when you’ll be paid. Schools must disburse funds at least once per term (semester, trimester, or quarter). Schools that do not use semesters, trimesters, or quarters must disburse funds at least twice per academic year.

Source: studentaid.ed.gov

Best possible condition for a Student Loan Consolidation program
The best possible condition for a Student Loan Consolidation program would be one that:

Will be at a lower interest rate that you already have

Lower the total amount of your overall loan repayment amount

Lower your monthly loan payment

Have a clause in the contract that allows you to re-negotiate your interest rate in the case rates become lower in the future.

There are many, many Student Loan Consolidation programs that are offered by lenders. Be sure to understand the agreement fully and don’t just accept any offer because it reduces your monthly loan payment amount. If you do your research, you can find a Student Loan Consolidation program that allows you to lower your monthly loan payments and reduce the overall total of the loan.

Easy Get Student Loans

College students today are lucky. When scholarships savings aren’t enough students today can get various types of student loans.

As students proceed through college student loans do not have to be paid until the student graduates from college or quits.

Using a private loan can be extremely expensive to pay back at a high interest rate. To ease the burden on students upon graduation Federal student loans are available.

Private Student Loans vs. Federal Student Loans

The best thing to do is get a Federal student loan. Federal loans have lower interest rates and are readily available to students. Private loans are more expensive to pay back and are not recommended if they can be avoided.

The reason Federal student loans are so available is because graduates of college will usually make a lot more money than other people.

This gives the lenders confidence that their money will be repaid. The top education student loans are available through Sallie Mae.

Sallie Mae Student Loan

Sallie Mae is a financial institution than handles Federal student loans. Student loans given are from the government or Federal sources have more favorable terms than private loans.

Sallie Mae offers a combination of student loan options that can meet the type of financing needs of a student all in one place.

For example, the Federal Stafford loans are the most common. They have a fixed rate and low interest. These student loans are very available to undergraduate students.

To receive this loan the student must be attending an accredited school at least half time. The Stafford loan is the most common student loan used today

Generally speaking, student loans are easy for students to receive. Because of their fixed rates and low interest, the Federal Stafford Loan is the recommended one first.

A student loan can make the difference for students to graduate from college so more students are able to complete college today than anytime in the past.
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Let’s go to you dream

Consolidate your loans so you can finally sleep at night

By Michelle Suthard

You may have heard the news recently that the government increased the student loan interest rate 1.93 percentage points for the first time in five years. This may seem like a huge increase, but don’t lose sleep over it–rates are still at a 38-year low.

So what does this information mean for you? Now is your chance to consolidate your loans and save!

Types of Loans
First you will need to know about the different types of loans you may have. Let’s start with the Federal Perkins Loan. This type of loan is generally granted by your college’s financial aid office. Since it’s a need-based loan, the university’s financial aid office must determine who qualifies for the loan and how much they will receive. Universities only have a limited amount of funds to distribute, however, so these loans are awarded on a very selective basis.

The majority of college students have Federal Stafford Loans instead. This is the most common loan available to both undergraduate and graduate students. If a Stafford Loan is subsidized, the federal government pays your accrued interest while you’re in school and during the grace period after graduation. If your Stafford is unsubsidized, however, you’ll be footing the entire bill.

Lastly, you may have one or several private education loans. There are a variety of lenders that provide private education loans. Most banks and financial institutions offer private student loans to help supplement the costs that other financial aid resources won’t cover.

Consolidating Your Loans
Now that you better understand what kind of loans you have, you’re probably wondering what’s next. Pay off time! It may sound daunting to have to payback all of those loans, but don’t even think about attempting to dodge your bills.

Not paying your loans back will cause your credit rating to plummet. And remember, declaring bankruptcy is not an option. Student loans are immune to bankruptcy. You may also face IRS penalties and possible garnishment of wages if you hold off on payment–so make those monthly payments on time.

So what’s a good plan-of-action when beginning to repay your loans? A smart move is to look into consolidating your existing loans now while interest rates are still low.

Consolidation involves refinancing one or more of your student loans. The original balance is paid in full, and a new loan is originated for the combined amount and for a new term–all with a low fixed interest rate. Consolidation loans often reduce the size of your monthly payment by extending the term of your loan beyond the 10-year repayment plan that is standard with federal loans.
Depending on the loan amount, the term of the loan can be extended from 12 to 30 years. The reduced monthly payment may make the loan easier to repay. However, by extending the term of a loan the total amount of interest paid is increased. You can always make more than the minimum payment each month to cut the repayment period down and reduce the amount of interest paid.

Get a Head Start
For those of you that haven’t graduated yet, there’s something new this year. Under a new interpretation of the rules, students don’t have to wait until they graduate to consolidate. Students still in school can consolidate existing loans. If you subsequently take on more student loans, then you can consolidate those loans either separately from the initial low-rate consolidation, or as part of a blended package. If you’ve just graduated and are in your six month grace period, you can get an extra one-half of one percent cut off the consolidation rate if you consolidate within the first six months after graduation. And by consolidating during the grace period, you may also be able to retain the entire grace period. If the lender delays disbursing the consolidation loan until the end of the grace period, you get the benefit of the grace period and are also able to lock in current interest rates. Not too shabby!

Which loans should you consolidate? You can consolidate Perkins, Stafford and PLUS loans (parent loans for students) and even some previously consolidated loans. Unfortunately, you cannot consolidate private loans that are not federally guaranteed. Also, most lenders will only consolidate loans for students with loan balances of at least $7,500. For most of you, this threshold won’t be a problem. According to a recent Nellie Mae study, the average student upon graduation owes an average of $18,900 in student loans.

Benefits of Consolidating
What are the benefits of consolidating your loans? The main benefit of consolidation is that it allows you to lock in a low fixed interest rate for the life of the loan. Understand though, that not everyone gets the lowest rate on consolidation. While some can lock in a very low rate close to 3.5%, others may pay slightly more depending on the original loan rates. So check with your lenders (or one of the Web sites listed on page 34) for information on how much your rate will decrease. Each Web site has online calculators, and you can even apply for a consolidation loan online. Note also that there is no fee for you, the borrower, to consolidate.

Another benefit to consolidation is that now you only have to make one monthly payment and to only one lender-saving you a headache each month from sorting out to whom and what you owe. There are also added bonuses, for instance, many lenders offer interest rate and payment reductions if you pay on time over a period of months and/or have your monthly payments automatically withdrawn from your checking or savings account.

Check out the Web sites, do a little homework and in the end you’ll save yourself a nice sum of cash for consolidating your loans. Start the process now, so you can relax, get some sleep and focus on what’s really important, your first real job!

At the end of January, in his final State of the Union address, President Bush revealed continuing plans for expanding federal funding of private K–12 schooling with the proposal of a $300 million Pell Grant for Kids program.

This program, named after the long-running college Pell Grants program, would provide federal grants to low-income families with children in underperforming schools to help send those children to private, faith-based, or higher performing out-of-district public schools.

The president’s call for congressional support immediately raised questions among lawmakers as to whether the proposed funding would be enough for participating low-income parents to avoid having to take on debt from supplemental private student loans or other financial aid resembling student loans.

Pell Grants for Kids vs. College Pell Grants

Presenting the Pell Grants for Kids proposal as a need-based scholarship initiative modeled after the Federal Pell Grant program for college students, the administration uses as one of its selling points the assertion that “the same choice, flexibility, and support now available to students seeking a quality college education should be offered to low-income families with children in chronically low-performing schools.”

College Pell Grants, unlike federal student loans, do not have to be repaid, and are available to low-income undergraduates to apply toward their cost of attendance at any public or private school that participates in the federal student aid programs.

Pell Grants for Kids, like college Pell Grants, would be “gift” money from the government that wouldn’t need to be repaid. In contrast to the college Pell Grant program, however, Pell Grants for Kids would go beyond an evaluation of a student’s financial need to determine eligibility, also taking into account a student’s educational environment.

Students eligible for a Pell Grant for Kids award would be those currently attending a school that has failed to meet the performance standards of the No Child Left Behind Act for five years, or that has a graduation rate of less than 60 percent.

Grants or Vouchers?

The administration seems to be purposefully attempting to associate Pell Grants for Kids with the college Federal Pell Grant program, perhaps in hopes of garnering the broad bipartisan support that college Pell Grants have received.

Detractors, however, argue that the Pell Grants for Kids initiative, unlike the college version, is actually a school voucher program in the guise of a broad-based federal grant program.

Sen. Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts, the Democratic chairman of the Health, Education, and Labor Committee, has been quick to criticize the proposal, suggesting that there will actually be a negative impact on educational opportunities for the country’s most needy children as more funds are diverted from public schools in the form of vouchers for private school tuition.

“The president didn’t commit the resources to expand educational opportunity,” said Sen. Kennedy. “Instead, on top of the $70 billion shortfall in funding for his own education reforms, he again proposed to siphon scarce resources from our public schools to create new voucher programs.”

Sen. Kennedy’s use of the word “voucher” may be a strategic political move, as the word does not poll well — which supporters of the program know, and which may explain the administration’s emphasis on branding Pell Grants for Kids a “scholarship program.”

On the other hand, Republican Sen. Lamar Alexander of Tennessee, who aggressively supports the initiative, doesn’t shy away from the characterization of Pell Grants for Kids as a voucher program. Citing the GI Bill, college Pell Grants, and federal student loans as other federal voucher programs that have been “enormously successful,” Sen. Alexander says there’s “every reason to believe the Pell Grants for Kids would be too.”

Pell Grants for Kids Award Amounts

As part of his commitment to the Pell Grants for Kids initiative, Sen. Alexander has proposed his own budget of $15 billion — a figure 50 times higher than the president’s proposal of $300 million.

But even at that higher budget, the program would only be able to offer each of the country’s 30 million low- and middle-income children enrolled in public K–12 schools a $500 annual voucher. President Bush’s plan would offer each of the 15 million low-income children an annual grant of $20.

To be able to offer students an annual grant amount of $2,500, the Pell Grants for Kids program would have to limit its number of recipients to 6 million students under Sen. Alexander’s plan — 20 percent of the total number of the country’s low- and middle-income children currently enrolled in public schools.

Under the president’s plan, the program would only be able to offer a $2,500 annual award to 120,000 students each year — less than 1 percent of the total number of the country’s low-income children currently enrolled in public schools.

K–12 Private Student Loans

With tuition at the nation’s private K–12 schools averaging $4,689 a year, according to the National Center for Education Statistics, it seems clear that even a $2,500 Pell Grant won’t, on average, cover the full cost of private tuition for low-income families.

In this respect, Pell Grants for Kids would also resemble college Pell Grants: Federal Pell Grants for college students were capped at $4,310 for the 2007–08 academic year, while average in-state tuition and fees at four-year public colleges for 2007–08 were $6,185, exceeding the max Pell Grant award amount.

In the same way that college students awarded postsecondary Pell Grants must often supplement their grant award with other financial aid, such as work-study and federal student loans, the low-and middle-income families who would qualify for a Pell Grant for Kids may need to turn to other financial aid options to help meet the full cost of private K–12 tuition.

Parents of elementary and high-school students in private programs can generally apply for credit-based K–12 private student loans similar to the private student loans available to undergraduate and graduate students.

However, whereas undergraduate and graduate students are encouraged to seek out low-cost federal college loans and graduate student loans before turning to typically higher cost private student loans, there are currently no such K–12 federal student loan programs available as a low-cost alternative to K–12 private loans for families needing to supplement the money they would receive through the Pell Grants for Kids program.